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Bulletin No, 44 an Mi: LEIGHTON June 20, 1922. 
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 


DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS 
James F, Woodward, Secretary 


BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
George H. Ashley, State Geologist 


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COAL RESERVES IN CAMBRIA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 
BY 


John F, Reese 


Introduction, 


} In connection with the "Introduction to the Bituminous Coal 
Fields of Pennsylvania" now being prepared for publication by the 
Pennsy lvania Geological Survey, coal reserves of the bituminous fields 
aré being computed by Mr. John F. Reese, In order to render this 
information available at once without waiting for the uncertain date 
of printing the report, am abstract of Mr. Reese's figures for 


~. Cambria County is given herewith. All of the information readily 


available at this time has been used in the computation, which 
followed the methods used by the Land Classification Board of the 
United States Geological Survey in its valuation of the public coal 
jands. The results are given by beds for cach township. For some 
beds and for some areas the data are abundant and the results entire- 
ly reliable, For other beds and areas the data are meager and the 
results subject to revision as .dditional data are obtained, All the 
data used and the computation sheets are permanently filed so that 
modifications of the original figures can be made readily when re- 
quired by additional information. | 


The figures presented are preliminary and subject to correction 
for any area when that area shall be studied in detail. In the mean- 
time critical examination of the figures is invited in order that the 
results may be made as accurate as possible. To that end the Survey 
will welcome every bit of information not now in its possession. 
Records of drillings and other data will be kept strictly confiden- 
tial if so desired, although the Bureau neturally prefers to be able 
to use data freely, ) 


George H. Ashley. 


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Coal Beds, 


. Cambria County has six conl beds that are now of economic 
interest. In order of present importance as Shipping coals they are 


the Lower Kittanning, Upper Kittanning, Lower Freeport. Uvver Prec t 
Clarion, and Brookville, a port, Upper Freeport, 


Lower Kittanning Coal. The many mines on this bed and exposures 
of its outcrop have fumished many measurements of its thickness, thus 


making possible an accurate and reliable computation of the quantity 
of coal, The "B-Rider" coal of the Bens Creek area has been computed 
With the Lower Kittanning coal in this report. 


The Lower Kittonning is the most persistent bed, contains the 
ercatest coal. reserve, and is the largest producer within the county, 
yielding more thm 8,100,000 tons annually. 


Upper Kittanning coal. A fair omount of information as to the 
thickness and persistency of this bed is available. 


‘The bed is best suited for Mining in the Patton, Portage, South 
Fork, 2nd Johnstown areas, 


The Upper. Xittanning bed is fourth in size of reserve within the 
county,, and fanxs second in production, with a total of over 3,600,000 
tons annually. 


. Lower Freeport coal. A fairly accurate estimate of the quan- 
tity of coal in this bed is made possible by many mensurcements at 
Mines and outcrop, 


It attains its best development for mining in the Barnesboro- 
Spangler area, 


The Lower Freeport bed contains the second greatest reserve 
within the county, and ranks third in production with a total of over 
3,300,000 tons annually. 


Upper Freeport coal. The extensive outcrop of this bed through- 
out the county, and its mine devclopment in various localities, 
furnish a fair number of measurements for an accurate estimate of 
quantity. 


It is mined most extensively in the Barnesboro, Hastings, 
Gallitzin, and Cresson areas where it attains its best thickness for 
mining, 


The, Upper Freeport coal is third in size of reserve in the * 
county, and ranks fourth in production with a total of over 2,700,000 
tons annually, 


Clarion or A’ coal. This coal has been computed as of economic 
interest in Reade and Richland townships where it has been mined. 
Little is known of its thickness and extent, and only areas surround- 
ing mining development or proven ground have been computed. 


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The Clarion coal as computed is sixth in size of reserve within 
the county, and ranks fifth in production with a total of over 90,000 
tons annually. 


Brookville or A coal.’ This bed has been considered as of 
interest in five townships, namely, Adams, Cresson, Dean, GallitZin, 
and Richland. 


Only areas surrounding operations or proven ground have been 
computed, as little is known of the extent and persistency of this 
coal, 


As computed here, the Brookville coal is fifth in size of reserve 


within the county, and ranks sixth in production with a total of over 
18,000 tons annually. 


Method of Computing Reserves. 


A base map for each coal bed was mede by tracing its outcrop 
from the quadrangle maps made by the U. S. Geological Survey. All 
aviilabie measurements of 2 coal bed, gathered from Federel and: State 
reports, mine maps, core drill records and personal inspections, were 
plotted on the map of that coal bed. at the locality represented. By 
studying the distribution of the figures, areas of equal thickness 
were plotted, and by means of a planimeter, an instrument for measur- 
ing plane areas, the area of each coal bed in each township was 
measured, The unit used for calculating the quantity of coal was 
90,000 short tons per inch of bed per square mile of srea. 


Worked-out areas were determined from mine maps and plotted to 
scale on the base maps. The same method as above was used for com- 
puting the quantity of coal extracted. 


For some localities, no information is available as to the mined 
out areas of the various beds computed herein. For these places, an 
estimate of probable depletion has been made, based on age and .8i2ze¢e 
of operation, or on the difference between original areas and state- 
ments of acreages remaining unmined, 


Having calculated the quantity of coal originally contained 
within the erea of any bed and subtracted the quantity already mined 
out, the writer determined from engineering experience the probable 
percentage of each bed which could be recovered in different locali- 
ties, This varies from 80 to 90 per cent, depending on the thickness 
‘and character of the bed, The quantity of coal computed to be in any 
bed, multiplicd by the assumed percentage of recovery, less 15 per 
cent for loss in mining, gives the estimated recoverable tonnage. 


Cognl Reserves. 
The total area of Cambria County is 697.4 square miles, 
The result of computing the coal reserves in Cambria County 
based on the latest maps, engineering data, and methods is shown in 


the accompanying tables. 
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One table gives the estimated recoverable tonnage by beds and 
townships. The figures have been given 2s computed, It should 
however be distinctly understood that while the ocreage of each of the 
beds has been accurately computed, the reliability of the average 
thickness of the coals used in the computation of tonnage decreases 
for the beds in the order following: Lower Kittanning, Upper Freeport, 
Lower Freeport, Upper Kittanning, Brookville, and Clarion, Thus, 
While the figures‘for the Lower Kittanning bed are conservative and 
probably relisble, the figures for the Clarion coal may be much too 
smajl or many times too large. 


Detailed tables of the coal reserves in each township have been 
prepared and will appear in printed form in the report now being 
written on the bituminous coal fields of the State. They can be con- 
Sulted in the office of the Survey; or figures for 2 single township 
will be sent on request, 


Coal Reserves in Cambria County, in short tons. 


Bed Original Deposit Mined Out Recove rable 
Upper Freeport 1; 016 , 000 ; 000 74,050 ; 000 711;920; 000 
Lower Freeport 1,537,800; 000 85 ; 200°, O00 900 , 730 ;000 
Upper Kittanning 922,500,000 89 ; 700 ; 000 612 ;430 , 000 
Lower Kittanning 2,010;300,/000 216 ; 800 ; 000 1, 348 ; 100 ;000 
Clarion 32 ;400, 000 1,000 , 000 21;300;000 
Brookville 64,000 , 000 150 , 000 43,600,000 

Total 5,383,000,000 466,900,000 3,638,080, 000 


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